Empagliflozin

Empagliflozin is a type of medication you might need to take if you have type 2 diabetes.

• What is empagliflozin? 
• How does empagliflozin work? 
• How do you take empagliflozin?
• Who can take empagliflozin?
• Your prescription 
• Side effects
• More information and support 

What is empagliflozin? 

Empagliflozin belongs to the drug class SGLT2 inhibitors. There are several SGLT2 inhibitors available in the UK. Empagliflozin has the brand name Jardiance.  

This medication is used to manage blood sugar levels. You can take it on its own or with other diabetes medications such as metformin, sulphonylureas or insulin. 

There is another medication that has both empagliflozin and metformin in one tablet, which has the brand name Synjardy.  

Additionally, there is another medication that has empagliflozin and linagliptin in one tablet, which has the brand name Glyxambi. 

How does empagliflozin work? 

This medication lowers blood sugar levels as it helps the kidneys to remove excess glucose or sugar, which is passed out through your urine.   

This drug can also slow down the progression of kidney failure. If you have heart failure, it can help to reduce the risk of the heart becoming weaker. 

How do I take empagliflozin? 

Empagliflozin is a tablet that you take once a day. You should take it with a drink of water and swallow it whole. 

You can take this medication at any time of the day, but it is recommended to take it at the same time each day. You can take it with or without food. 

If you take Synjardy, which has both empagliflozin and metformin in one tablet, you should take this with food. 

Always take empagliflozin exactly as your healthcare professional has told you. The Patient Information Leaflet inside the box will tell you how to take it but always check with a healthcare professional if you’re not sure.      

Who can take empagliflozin? 

Adults over the age of 18 years with type 2 diabetes can take empagliflozin.  

Your healthcare professional may prescribe you this medication if metformin is not suitable for you, and if you have chronic heart failure or heart disease, or you are at high risk of developing heart failure or heart disease.   

Who can’t take empagliflozin? 

Some medications might not be suitable for some people, which might be because of medical conditions or other reasons:     

• Your doctor will tell you to stop taking this medication if you develop diabetic ketoacidosis, also called DKA; 
• If you have kidney disease you might not be able to take empagliflozin, but this will depend on the stage of your kidney disease; 
• If you have severe liver disease you might not be able to take empagliflozin; 
• You might need to temporarily stop empagliflozin if you’re going to have an operation;   
• You should not take this medication if you are pregnant of breastfeeding. If you’re planning a pregnancy speak with a healthcare professional if you are using this medication. 

When you start a new medication always check with your healthcare team that it’s suitable for you to take.   

Your prescription 

Your healthcare team should explain your prescription to you but it's important to make sure you ask if you don't feel you know enough.   

And make sure you talk to your GP or your diabetes team if you struggle to take your medication. They might be able to help by giving you a different dose. 

In England, if you need to take any medication to manage your diabetes, your prescriptions will be free. Ask your healthcare team about a prescription exemption certificate if you don't have one, to make sure you don't get charged for your medication. Prescriptions are already free for everybody in the rest of the UK, so you shouldn't pay for your medication.  

What are the side effects of empagliflozin?  

Like all medications, empagliflozin can cause side effects. But when side effects are listed as common in the Patient Information Leaflet, it doesn’t mean that everyone who takes the medication will get them.   

The information about side effects is based on the likelihood of people having them. For example, if a side effect is very common then it can affect more than one in ten people, and if a side effect is very rare then it affects fewer than one in 10,000 people.   

Because medicines can affect people differently, your healthcare team will speak to you about what’s best for you and discuss any side effects.  

Common side effects can include: 

• genital thrush 
• going for a wee more often 
• a mild skin rash. 

Risk of low blood sugar 

Empagliflozin does not usually cause blood sugar levels to become too low, also known as hypoglycaemia or hypos, when taken on its own. However, hypos can happen when you take it with other diabetes medications such as insulin or a sulphonylurea. 

Your healthcare team may advise reducing the dose of your sulphonylurea or insulin medicine when you start taking empagliflozin to reduce the risk of hypos.  

Risk of high blood sugar 

There have been reports of people developing DKA, if they take SGLT2 inhibitors, although this is a rare side effect. 

The risk of DKA is higher if: 

• you have had DKA before 
• you’re unwell 
• you’re having surgery
• your insulin doses are reduced too quickly
• you’re following a low carbohydrate diet or a ketogenic diet. 

If you take empagliflozin and become unwell, you should temporarily stop taking it. You need to check your ketones and your blood sugars (if you've been told to do this and have the kit) and speak to your healthcare team. Taking this medication when you're not very well could increase your risk of developing DKA, so you need to know the signs and symptoms of DKA to look out for.    

These are not all the side effects. You will find a full list of known side effects in the Patient Information Leaflet. This comes in the medication box.   

It’s also important that you take individual advice from your healthcare team before starting treatment and report any side effects to your healthcare professionals, if you experience any.  

You can also report these side effects to the Yellow Card Scheme, which is the government system used for recording side effects with medicines in the UK. 

More information and support 

Still have more questions? Or is there anything you're not sure about after reading this page? Contact our helpline on 0345 123 2399. 

You can visit the NHS website for more information.